Alfisols
Alfisol soil can be found in deciduous forests. They have a brown to gray-brown A-horizon. Precipitation is great enough to wash away most of the clay and soluble nutrients out of the A and E horizons and into the B horizons. When the forest is intact (trees are there naturally undisturbed), soil fertility is maintained by the continual supply of plant litter. When the soil is cleared for farmland and grazing, fertilizers must be used to maintain fertility.